In a previous post, I discussed how in Autocase for Sustainable Buildings, we would be quantifying how sustainable buildings rents and occupancy are higher than non-certified buildings. Autocase for Sustainable Buildings (coming in beta at Greenbuild this week) has used information from three studies of almost 17,000 buildings (LEED and Energy Star or their comparators).
We have recently found a summary (“Studies of Price Effects of Eco-Labels in Real Estate Markets: An ‘off the record’ record” by Pat McAllister from October 2012) of 29 studies that provide 10 quantitative studies with 19 estimates of this benefit. This is a list that includes working papers and presentations and so not all of these studies meet our high research standards for inclusion into Autocase. Nonetheless, as this is an important and emerging area, I thought I’d provide the information here.
Below I have summarized the benefits to rent:
Rent Increase – Both LEED & Energy Star | Rent Increase – LEED | Rent Increase – Energy Star | |
Minimum | 3.3% | 4.5% | 2.0% |
Sample Size Weighted Average | 4.4% | 5.9% | 2.9% |
Average | 6.1% | 7.8% | 4.4% |
Maximum | 12.0% | 16.0% | 8.0% |
And to the percent of building occupied:
Occupancy Increase – Both LEED & Energy Star | Occupancy Increase – LEED | Occupancy Increase – Energy Star | |
Minimum | -2.3% | -5.5% | 1.0% |
Sample Size Weighted Average | 0.5% | -1.7% | 2.6% |
Average | 5.2% | 6.5% | 3.9% |
Maximum | 13.8% | 17.0% | 10.5% |
For those interested in the details, here are the studies with quantitative estimates that are included above:
Study | Rental Rate Increase – LEED | Occupancy Increase – LEED | Rental Rate Increase – Energy Star | Occupancy Increase – Energy Star | Sample Size |
Wiley, Benefield and Johnson (2010) Published in Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics |
16.00% | 17.00% | 8% | 11% | 552 |
Harrison and Seiler Published in Journal of Property Investment and Finance 2011 | 6.50% | N/A | |||
Fuerst and McAllister (2011) Published in Real Estate Economics |
6.00% | 6% | 2001 | ||
Eichholtz, Kok and Quigley (2010) Working paper |
6.00% | 2% | 34976 | ||
Fuerst and McAllister (2010) Ecological Economics |
4.50% | -5.50% | 4% | 2% | 5878 |
Fuerst and McAllister (2009) Published in Journal of Sustainable Real Estate |
8.00% | 3% | 1583 | ||
Reichardt, Fuerst, Rottke and Zietz (2011) | 4% | 1921 | |||
Eichholtz, Kok and Quigley (2010) To be published in American Economic Review |
3% | 893 | |||
Fisher and Pivo (2009) Draft working paper |
1% | 1036 | |||
Miller. Spivey and Florance (2008) Published in Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management |
3% | 1570 |
And here are all of the studies (with and without quantitative estimates). These are directly from the posted summary and are not complete references. I have all but four of the papers downloaded and so if anyone would like more information, contact me:
- Miller. Spivey and Florance (2008) Published in Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management
- Wiley, Benefield and Johnson (2010) Published in Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics
- Eichholtz, Kok and Quigley (2010) To be published in American Economic Review
- Fuerst and McAllister (2011) Published in Real Estate Economics
- Chegut, Eichholtz, Kok and Quigley (2010) Draft working paper
- Dermissi (2009) Published in Journal of Sustainable Real Estate
- Fuerst and McAllister (2009) Published in Journal of Sustainable Real Estate
- Fisher and Pivo (2009) Draft working paper
- Deng, Li and Quigley (2011) Regional Science and Urban Economics forthcoming
- Shimizu (2010) Draft working paper
- Brounen and Kok (2011) Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
- Fuerst and McAllister (2010) Ecological Economics
- Eichholtz, Kok and Quigley (2010) Working paper
- Yoshida and Sugiura Presented in March 2011
- Jaffee, Stanton and Wallace (November 2010) Working paper
- Zheng, Wu, Kahn and Deng Feb 2011
- Fuerst and McAllister Energy Policy, published 2011
- Kok and Jennen Energy Policy (2012) Available online.
- Harrison and Seiler Published in Journal of Property Investment and Finance 2011
- Newell, McFarlane and Kok Report for Australian Property Institute September 2011
- Das, Tidwell and Ziobrowski (2011) Published in Journal of Sustainable Real Estate
- Fuerst, van de Wetering and Wyatt (2012)
- Reichardt, Fuerst, Rottke and Zietz (2011)
- Chegut, Eichholtz and Kok (2012) Published by RICS
- Aroul and Hansz (2012) Published in Journal of Real Estate Research
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007) Report for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
- Fuerst, Gabrieli and McAllister (2012) Non-refereed paper presented at ARES conference
- Kok and Kahn (2012) Publication produced by UCLA
- Hyland, Lyons and Lyons University of Oxford, Working Paper
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